<p>Forfjord is a fjord on the west side of Hinnøya island in Vesterålen in Northern Norway. Forfjord has about 70 inhabitants and is located 30 kilometers from Sortland and 70 kilometers from Andenes. The name is derived from its pine forest, as "Furu" and "Forra" translates to pine tree.</p><br>
<p>It has rich resources for small and large game hunters, rivers and mountain lakes attracting sports fishermen from near and afar, and a nature reserve with the oldest living pine trees on record in Northern Europe. Among 1000-year-old living trees, trees still standing have been dated to 830 AD. It is assumed that this forest served as source of timber and tar for viking ships, and there are settlements and burial sites that have not yet been excavated.</p><br>
<p>Forfjord was the home of Hans Jørgen Furfjord (also known as Hans Jørgensen, Hans Jørnsa), who led the first expedition to stay the winter on Svalbard, to hunt for silver foxes, walruses, seals and polar bears. Skins (from silver foxes in particular), salted meat and animal oils were precious commodities at the time. Items from his expeditions are stored in museums in Tromsø and on Svalbard and he wrote diaries so far only available in Norwegian. Among weather descriptions and catch reports, they contain well-written stories of adventurous European monarchs visiting, him being imprisoned by British soldiers for not supplying them for free, nearly freezing to death and barely surviving polar bear encounters. He died of old age at home in Forfjord, and left behind his wife Elise and 15 children, several of which later emigrated to the United States.</p><br>
<p>The tiny uninhabited German island of Gänsewerder lies in the Schaproder Bodden, a lagoon on the Baltic Sea coast, 400 metres east of the Gellen Peninsula on Hiddensee. It is part of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park and is out of bounds to the public.</p><br>
<p>The surface of Gänsewerder is flat, sandy and damp, and only reeds and small plants grow there. There is a small pond in the northeast of the island. The island has an oval shape and slopes along its longer axis from southwest to northeast. It measures about 328 by 155 metres and has an area of some 4 hectares.</p><br>
<p>When the national park was established, Gänsewerder (like the Gellen) was a coastal nesting area for birds, but is no longer. The island of Fährinsel off Hiddensee, which is inhabited by several species of bird, is managed as one area along with the Gellen and Gänserwerder.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Mount Tapulao  is the tallest mountain in the Zambales Mountain range and in the province of Zambales in the Philippines. The peak, which rise to an elevation of 2,037 m, is located in the municipality of Palauig, Zambales. Its name is derived from the abundance of Sumatran Pine trees in the area, known in the local Zambal dialect as tapulao.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was once a site of a large-scale chromite mining operations. The destruction of the beautiful natural scenery is visible in the mine pits on the summit as well as other related structures along the trail. The summit offers a 360-degree vista from where you can see the other Zambales mountains on the eastern side, Lingayen Gulf to the north, and on the western side, the Zambales lowlands and the South China Sea stretching to as far south as Pundaquit in San Antonio, Zambales.</p><br>
<h2>Hiking activity</h2><br>
<p>The trail to the top of Mount Tapulao is on rolling and gradual terrain that takes hikers through a number of distinct ecosystems: from lowland grass and scrubland dominated by talahib (cogon grass) to its flanks of secondary to primary dipterocarp forest, mossy montane forest and pine forest above 1,800 m that extends to the adjacent mountains.</p><br>
<p>During wet weather, limatik or forest leeches abound especially near the streams along the way. Parts of the trail become rivulets that trekkers easily attracts these critters without noticing being bitten, sticking on the human skin.</p><br>
<h3>From Palauig</h3><br>
<p>Mount Tapulao can be reached by trekking the mining road on a ridge on the side of the mountain with the forest line starting at about 1,875 m.</p><br>
<p>The ascent can be done in 7–8 hours while the descent can be covered in half the time. Guest and tourist aiming to climb the mountain are required to register at the barangay hall to receive further safety, security and cooperation according to the rule and guidance of the tourism authority. Farther down the settlement is a trail leading to the jump off-point for the Bagsit River whitewater river rafting.</p><br>
<h3>Traverse hike</h3><br>
<p>A traverse hike is also possible starting from the eastern side of the Mount Tapulao in Brgy. Labney in the town of Mayantoc in Tarlac province, ending in Palauig, or vice versa. The trail from the northwest is longer and a much more challenging route than the one from Zambales, but the reward is a more diverse environment and fauna.</p><br>
<h2>Ecosystem</h2><br>
<p>Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) region 3 has signed a memorandum of agreement for the protection and development of 5,000 hectare Mt. Tapulao.</p><br>
<p>Sangguniang Bayan (SB) of Iba, Zambales came out with an ordinance declaring the town’s part of Mt. Tapulao as an eco-tourism destination and a protected area.</p><br>
<p>Bruntwood Loch , or Loch of Bruntwood was a freshwater loch in the East Ayrshire Council Area, now drained, lying in a glacial Kettle Hole, Parish of Galston, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>Bruntwood Loch, in the south-western extremity of Galston Parish, had been completely drained by 1882-1885.</p><br>
<p>In the Birds of Ayrshire and Wigton of 1869, the Eurasian bittern (Botaurus stellaris) is recorded to have once bred at Bruntwood Loch. The 1861 OS Gazetteer refers to it as a quondam loch, meaning former loch, having once been much frequented by waterfowl, but now completely under the plough.</p><br>
<h2>The Lairds</h2><br>
<p>In 1406 Dame Joanna de Keith grants Bryntwood (sic) to her son Andree de Hamylton. The Lords of Council in 1491 decreed that Alexander Hamilton of Bruntwood should pay Alan Lord Cathcart ten Scot pound, owed to said Alan. The King consented in 1485 to a charter granting Birnwood to Alexander Hamilton, armiger, and to Marjorie Lindsay his wife.</p><br>
<p>It is recorded in 1565 that James Hamilton of Fynnart, Knt., was the father of James Hamilton of Crawfordjohn (whose wife was Dame Helen Cunningham); land had reverted to Henry Lord Methven and to Margaret, Queen of Scotland; then from the Queen to James V; Crawfordjohn then redeems them. The lands included the "2 marcat. land of Bruntwood, with mills, tennements, and fishing".</p><br>
<p>The King consented in 1608 to a charter granting to George Campbell of Cesnock and Agnes Cunningham his wife, the "2 mercatarum of Bruntwode in the parish of Riccardton (sic)". James Hamilton of Evendaill was the grantor. The King in 1611 granted James, Duke of Hamilton, "2 mercat. de Bruntwode, cum molendinis, tenentibus:..etc.." in the Bailliary of Kyle Stewart. In 1618 the King grants George and Hugh Campbell "...2 mercatas land of Bruntwood in parish of Ricartoun..." belonging to James, son and heir apparent of James Hamilton of Evendaill; Margaret Cunningham was his future wife.</p><br>
<p>In 1620, Margaret Campbell, oldest daughter of deceased George Campbell, Master of Lowdown, and spouse of Lord John Campbell, oldest son of James Campbell of Laweris, Knt. was granted "land of Bruntwood with tenements, 40 sol. land of Auchinruglen, 20 sol. of Sorne, 10 sol. of Sornehill with mill." These lands were resigned by Hugh, Lord of Loudoun, and the King granted anew, incorporating these lands in the free Barony of Wester Loudoun, the manor place of Wester Loudoun being the principal place or caput, these arrangements to go into effect after the death of Hugh Lowdown.</p><br>
<p>William Muir of Bruntwood was the uncle of Robert Montgomerie of Bogston near Beith. William&#39;s eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Robert and had eighteen children, of whom only three reached adulthood.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Blaeus map of 1654 from the original by Timothy Pont of circa 1604, shows the loch clearly, the dwelling of Lochend and Bruntwood, with a single inflow. Roys map of 1747 shows ploughed fields, records Lochend and shows the toll road that ran from Mauchline to Galston at the western boundary of the loch. Armstrongs 1775 map shows the loch, with two inflows, and the estate policies of Bruntwood on the lochshore, showing that the loch was an integral part of the designed landscape. Ainslies map of 1821 shows the loch, a single inflow and the dwelling of Lochend. Thomson&#39;s map of 1832 does not show the loch. The 1908 OS map no longer shows Lochend and indicates a deep drainage ditch at the site of the loch itself.</p><br>
<p>The loch was overlooked by Bruntwoodhill Farm, Bruntwood Mains Farm, and Bruntwood House, with Little Sorn on the route of the outflow. The 1895 6" OS map shows a deep drainage ditch below Bruntwood Mains, draining the waters of the old loch.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>A stone whorl was found in the earth above the rock of Cowgrove Quarry. Two other whorls and two polished stone axes were found in the locality.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>The National Archives of Scotland hold records show that coal mines ran beneath the farm and lands of Bruntwood.</p><br>
<p>Bruntwood House was a lairds dwelling and until the late eighteenth century the family of Moor or Muir were the owners. The family coat of arms is still to be seen above the front doorway of the B Listed house.</p><br>
<p>Loch Gate , previously known as Loch Gait, was a freshwater loch, partly in the East Ayrshire Council Area and partly in South Lanarkshire, now mainly drained, near Darvel, lying in a glacial kettle hole, Parish of Galston, Scotland.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>Loch Gate, at the eastern extremity of Galston Parish, was once a sheet of deep water, but now is a small area of open water in a marsh. By 1846 the loch is recorded as being little more than an area of marshy ground.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Armstrongs map of 1775 clearly shows the loch close to the Strathaven to Galston toll road. Ainslies Map of 1823 shows the loch with a Lochside dwelling nearby, with a single inflow. Thomson&#39;s map of 1832 shows a Lochside and an East Lochgate with the outflow running into the Avon water.</p><br>
<p>Loch Gate is recorded on the 1897 OS maps as a remnant, close to Lochgate Farm with only a small area (0.290 Acre) of open water In the late 1880s it is recorded that the deep waters of Gate Loch (sic) had been drained.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<h3>The Battle of Loudoun Hill</h3><br>
<p>The Battle of Loudoun Hill took place in 1307. Robert the Bruce encounter English forces, under Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. On 10 May, Bruce&#39;s men dug a series of trenches, forcing the English towards boggy ground around Loch Gait, allowing the 500–600 Scots to repulse an army of 3000. The first attack broke, and the English fled the field. Following the battle, Bruce left his brother Edward Bruce in command of the area, and headed north to continue his guerilla campaign in Buchan.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>A turf banked circular enclosure is situated on a small promontory on the south side of the old loch, around 9m in diameter, it has a turf bank, but no clear entrance, however the enclosure has been damaged by forestry drainage works.</p><br>
<p>Amman in Spokane, Washington is a building constructed in 1904. It was designed by architect Albert Held.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1903, the lot Amman stands on was sold to the Amman Family by the Northwestern and Pacific Hypotheekbank. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a thematic group containing San Marco, Breslin and Knickerbocker Apartment Buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two-story building sits on a tree lined street in Browne&#39;s Addition, the neighborhood has a uniquely residential feel considering its proximity to the city center. The lot to the west of the building is used for parking. Due to its location, the building offers views of the Spokane River. Of the buildings in the thematic group, the Amman Apartments had the simplest design, with a square footprint rather than the U, H and L shapes of the other apartment buildings built by Held. The building design can most easily be described as classical. The apartment units had clear delineation of living and entertainment spaces by use of narrow hallways in order to separate the design from common "railroad" plans. Another unique feature is that all rooms had an exterior view, instead of the common light court of the era. The common hallway features a large curved stairway and access to the balcony above the portico on the second story.</p><br>
<p>Baking Pot is a Maya archaeological site located in the Belize River Valley on the southern bank of the river, northeast of modern-day town of San Ignacio in the Cayo District of Belize; it is 6 km downstream from the Barton Ramie and Lower Dover archaeological sites. Baking Pot is associated with an extensive amount of research into Maya settlements, community-based archaeology, and of agricultural production; the site possesses lithic workshops, and possible evidence of cash-cropping cacao as well as a long occupation from the Preclassic through to the Postclassic period.</p><br>
<p>The site at Baking Pot is unique in that it had a large population during the Terminal Classic while other sites in the Belize River Valley were declining, and occupation continued into the Postclassic whereas major Classic Period sites in the southern lowlands were by then abandoned. After the Classic period site cores in much of the Belize Valley were abandoned, but at Baking Pot “survey and excavation of house mounds and plazuela groups immediately outside the site core suggested that Postclassic occupation there is more substantial and prolonged than in the site core”. The abundance of Tayasal-associated Augustine Red ceramics at Baking Pot, along with the association of these ceramics with a different organizational and settlement pattern suggest that there was an intrusion of people from central Petén during this time. Researchers like Aimers favor a gradual abandonment of the site at a much later time period than other sites in the region.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late Preclassic, Baking Pot had a small population with little public architecture. In the Early Classic, the site experienced a construction boom. Two architectural groups were built, with Group A to the north and Group B (containing the largest structure at Baking Pot) to the south. This north-south orientation is similar to nearby Xunantunich. Earlier excavators like Ricketson, Gordon Willey, and Bullard and Bullard describe these groups as Group 1 and Group 2. These major complexes make up the center of Baking Pot and are connected by a causeway (or sacbe). In the Late Classic, the population increased to approximately 3000 people. Toward the end of the Classic period the local elite left and the palace complexes in the city center were abandoned. In the early Postclassic, people were still living on a portion of the site but rarely used the ceremonial center and there was very little new construction. Much of the people living at Baking Pot were farmers; being close to the Belize River the site has fertile soil in an alluvial valley and is primarily associated with agricultural production.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s, A.H. Anderson first conducted archaeological research at Baking Pot after some materials from the site were used in the construction of the western highway. Later excavations by Oliver Ricketson, Gordon Willey in the 1950s and William Bullard and Mary Bullard completed major excavations in the 1960s. Wiley is best known for his excavations and settlement research at Barton Ramie and for his focus on Maya households during a time when most people were only focused on elite. with BVAR researchers working under the direction of Dr. Jaime Awe, including Jim Conlon, Jim Aimers, Josalyn Ferguson, Jennifer Piehl, Carolyn Audet, Christophe Helmke, and Julie Hoggarth.</p><br>
<p>A complex water management system exists at the site, including a series of aguadas and seasonal streams, along with the presence of drains in the palace complex, work to feed water from the foothills to the south down through the site and into the aduadas before dumping into the Belize River. Baking Pot is named after large pots were found by archaeologists that were once used to boil chicle. At the Bedran group nearby, a house group that was excavated, burial grave goods were found including painted ceramic vessels with a primary standard sequence around the top dated to the Early Classic. These vessels were cacao drinking vessels and were thought to contain a placename:</p><br>
<p>Four Water Place, although this is now reinterpreted as a royal title. There are no carved monuments at Baking Pot, although several uncarved stelae and uncarved altars have been found.</p><br>
<p>A causeway extends south and to the west of Group B and ends at a causeway terminus structure (Mound 190). Here hundreds of broken vessels were found in front of the stairway, possibly from a termination ritual. Mound 190 had deposits with finger bones, an altar, and intact mini ceramic vessels below it with tiny specks of jade. This mound also contains evidence of ritual activity and is believed to be used for ritual/ceremonial purposes. The discovery of finger bones is similar to the finger bowl caches associated with Caracol (and also found at Cahal Pech) and may provide evidence of Caracol control or influence at Baking Pot at the time. Vessel 2 at Baking Pot describes its owner in a similar structure that is found at Caracol as well. Naranjo pottery has also been found here at Baking Pot, and evidence for a push to control the Belize River Valley after the fall of Tikal was described on a monument at Xunantunich.</p><br>
<p>Juselius Mausoleum  is one of the most famous sights in Pori, Finland, located at the 1884 opened Käppärä Cemetery. It is the only mausoleum in Finland and was completed in 1903.</p><br>
<h2>Sigrid Juselius</h2><br>
<p>The mausoleum was built by local businessman Fritz Arthur Jusélius (1855–1930) for his daughter Sigrid (1887–1898) to be her last place of rest. Sigrid died of tuberculosis at the age of eleven. Her sarcophagus is placed in the basement of the mausoleum. It can be seen from the upper floor. The sarcophagus is made of white Italian marble and designed by architect Jarl Eklund.</p><br>
<p>Fritz Arthur Jusélius himself is also buried in the mausoleum on its side wing. His two wives have their resting places outside the mausoleum. The Sigrid Juselius Foundation was established in 1930 to promote medical research in Finland.</p><br>
<h2>Mauseoleum</h2><br>
<p>Juselius Mausoleum was built in 1901–1903. It was planned by Josef Stenbäck in the Gothic Revival style. The famous Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela painted the interior, including frescoes "Kevät" (Spring), "Rakennus" (Construction), "Tuonelan joella" (By the River of Tuonela), "Hävitys" (Destruction), "Talvi" (Winter) and "Syksy" (Fall). Original frescoes were destroyed by fire in 1931. They were repainted by Gallen-Kallela&#39;s son Jorma Gallen-Kallela in 1933–1939 and the mausoleum was opened again in 1941. Decorations include Masonic symbolism since Akseli Gallen-Kallela and F.A. Jusélius both were dedicated Freemasons.</p><br>
<p>Another famous Finnish artist Pekka Halonen painted the frescoes on the vestibule. They were destroyed as well, but never repainted. Door of the building is made of bronze and it was constructed by Finnish sculptor Alpo Sailo.</p><br>
<p>Juselius Mausoleum and the surrounding Käppärä Cemetery are listed as Cultural environments of national significance by the Finnish National Board of Antiquities.</p><br>
<p>Gran Roque is an island, one of the federal dependencies of Venezuela, located in the southeastern Caribbean Sea in the archipelago of Los Roques, which has 1.7 km²  in extent, where the majority of the population lives. The airport is located by the sea, a few meters from the beach.</p><br>
<p>Gran Roque works as capital of the Venezuelan Federal Dependencies, and also of the Insular Miranda Territory and is the seat of all the inns, the airport, the school and was the headquarters of the Single Area Authority (AUA).</p><br>
<p>Gran Roque is located in the northeastern part of the archipelago, being its geographic coordinates 11º 47´33´´ of north latitude and 66º 40´37´´ of west longitude in its central part. its highest point is the Cerro Roque with 37 msnm and has 2.361 inhabitants. It is shaped like a right triangle with the sharpest vertex facing northwest, and its maximum dimensions are: 3.15 km in a southeast to northwest direction and 990 m in a northeast to southwest direction.</p><br>
<p>Village Gran Roque.jpg</p><br>
<p>Atardecer en el Gran Roque.JPG</p><br>
<p>El gran roque.jpg</p><br>
<p>Capilla en El Gran Roque.JPG</p><br>
<p>Deportes acuáticos en Los Roques.JPG</p><br>
<p>A punto de llegar.JPG</p><br>
<p>Islas Chimanas is a Caribbean archipelago of 7 islands belonging to Venezuela, located off northeastern Anzoategui state, east of the Borrachas Islands and north of the Bay of Guanta, just a few kilometers from the nearby city of Puerto La Cruz, whose special attraction based primarily on beautiful beaches and bays, from the 19 December 1973 under Decree No. 1534 belong to the Mochima National Park.</p><br>
<p>Playa el Faro Mochima Puerto La Cruz Anzoategui - panoramio (1).jpg</p><br>
<p>Caverna marina.jpg</p><br>
<p>Piedras en Isla el faro Parque Mochima.jpg</p><br>
<p>Playa El Faro Mochima Puerto La Cruz - panoramio (5).jpg</p><br>
<p>Playa Verde en La isla El Faro Mochima.jpg</p><br>
<p>Playa El Saco, PN Mochima, edo. Anzoátegui.JPG</p><br>
<p>The Carnegie Public Library in Havre, Montana is a historic Carnegie library built in 1914 which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is in the Classical revival style. It was also known as the Havre Public Library and later as the Old Carnegie Library. In 2017 it is a former library building and is occupied by the Old Library Gallery.</p><br>
<p>Hopes for obtaining Carnegie funds for a library were expressed in the Milk River Eagle newspaper by 1901. A first library in Havre was started by 50 women who formed a Womens Club and subscribed for twenty-five cents per month. A room in the Havre Security State Bank was used to lend out its initial 200 donated books. The library moved to the Havre City Hall by 1906. The Havre Plaindealer newspaper noted that Glasgow, Montana, fifty miles away, successfully built a Carnegie library in 1908. By 1911 the womens club and others had lobbied for local tax funding to support a librarian, and the Havre Library Board lobbied the City Council to purchase land at 4th Avenue and 5th Street to build a library. (Having land and demonstrating community support/ability to maintain a library were requirement for Carnegie funding.) In 1913, $12,000 funding for construction was approved by Carnegie, and the building was built within a year.</p><br>
<p>In 2017, the current public library in Havre is the Havre-Hill County Library, located at 402 Third Avenue, about a block away.</p><br>
<p>The H. Earl Clack House is a historic house located at 532 Second Avenue in Havre, Montana. It is locally significant as a very good example of a classically-inspired Georgian Revival dwelling. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 24, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1927, and is the second house in Havre that the Clack family owned and lived in. Similar to many local architects, Frank Bossuot designed buildings in a variety of historical styles for his clients. The house is a classic example of the Georgian Revival style. Essentially "L"-shaped, the dwelling has two gable-end chimneys which contribute to its overall symmetry. The raised, porticoed entry with fanlight window above forms the central feature of the main facade. Large, rectangular multi-paned double hung windows provide ample illumination for the formally arranged floor plan, which features a central hallway flanked by the kitchen, dining room and living room. An enclosed one-story porch with a balustraded second floor balcony, a common feature on Georgian Revival homes, is attached to the south gable end of the house.</p><br>
<p>The Kobozha  is a river in Moshenskoy and Khvoyninsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and in Chagodoshchensky and Ustyuzhensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Mologa River. It is 184 km long, and the area of its basin 2,660 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The source of the Kobozha is in Lake Velikoye in the eastern part of Moshenskoy District, in the east of the Valday Hills. The river flows in the northern direction, crosses Khvoyninsky District, passing the railway station of Kabozha, and enters Vologda Oblast, where it turns northeast, smoothly turns southeast, and enters Ustyuzhensky District. The mouth of the Kobozha is in the village of Sofrontsevo.</p><br>
<p>The river basin of the Kobozha comprises the eastern parts of Moshenskoy and Khvoyninsky Districts, as well as the southern part of Chagodoshchensky District and minor areas in Ustyuzhensky District. The areas to the west of the basin belong to the river basin of the Msta and thus to the basins of the Baltic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The Kobozha belongs to the basin of the Caspian Sea.</p><br>
<p>Until the 1990s, the Kobozha was used for timber rafting.</p><br>
<p>Devín Carpathians  is a subdivision of the Little Carpathians mountain range, located entirely within Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. It is bordered by the city boroughs of Devín from the west, Devínska Nová Ves from the north, Dúbravka from the east and Karlova Ves from the south. Its highest mountain is Devínska Kobyla at 514 m  AMSL, it is also the highest point in Bratislava. The hills are mostly forested with deciduous trees and most of the area is protected by numerous nature reserves, including two geologically important areas: Sandberg containing sands and sandstones from the Cenozoic Paratethys ocean and Jezuitské Lesy containing rare granitic pegmatite bearing niobium-tantalum oxide minerals.</p><br>
<p>Devín Carpathians are famous for its castles, most notably the Bratislava Castle and the ruins of Devín Castle. The mountains feature numerous cultural monuments, caves, tramping huts, an open-air geology museum and a chemical waste dump. Military structures in the mountains include an abandoned rocket base and preserved artillery fortifications from the time of Austria-Hungary. Featuring a dense network of forest trails, Devín Carpathians together with Bratislava Forest Park are frequented by citizens of the city and provide their main venue for hiking, mountain cycling, cross-country skiing and dog walking.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The boundary of Devín Carpathians consists of the Slovak-Austrian border in the middle of the Morava and Danube rivers from the west, the road connecting Devínska Nová Ves and Dúbravka from the north, the road connecting Dúbravka with the crossing at Patrónka from the north-west and east, and Mlynská dolina from the south. The mountain range is located entirely within the administrative boundaries of Bratislava.</p><br>
<h2>Division</h2><br>
<p>Devín Carpathians are divided into four geomorphological areas, separated by a series of faults:</p><br>
<p>Bratislava Foothills (Bratislavské predhorie)</p><br>
<p>Devín Gate (Devínska brána)</p><br>
<p>Devínska Kobyla (Devínska Kobyla)</p><br>
<p>Lamač Gate (Lamačská brána)</p><br>
<h3>Highest peaks</h3><br>
<p>Devínska Kobyla - 514 meters AMSL (48&deg;11&prime;19.968&Prime;N latitude, 16&deg;59&prime;39.66&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Švábsky vrch - 360 meters AMSL (48&deg;10&prime;51.024&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;1&prime;16.392&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>V06040801 - 358 meters AMSL (48&deg;10&prime;31.404&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;1&prime;54.264&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Dúbravská Hlavica - 357 meters AMSL (48&deg;11&prime;19.464&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;1&prime;7.644&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Hrubý Breh - 316 meters AMSL (48&deg;10&prime;29.964&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;2&prime;26.664&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Kráľov vrch - 284 meters AMSL (48&deg;9&prime;32.94&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;2&prime;22.884&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Sitina - 264 meters AMSL (48&deg;10&prime;14.484&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;3&prime;22.932&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Brižite - 257 meters AMSL (48&deg;11&prime;45.132&Prime;N latitude, 17&deg;1&prime;31.584&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Devín Castle rock - 212 meters AMSL (48&deg;10&prime;25&Prime;N latitude, 16&deg;58&prime;42&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Geomorphology</h3><br>
<p>Devín Carpathians consist of Paleozoic era landforms (south-eastern part), Mesozoic era landforms, Cenozoic era landforms, the latter including Quaternary period landforms.</p><br>
<p>There are 5 caves in Devín Carpathians: Abrázna cave, J06041401 cave, J06041402 cave, Medzivrstvová cave (original name Zlepencová jaskyňa) and Štokeravská vápenka cave (original name Stockerau). Abrázna cave is a 10 meters long karst cave. Abrázna cave was created as a result of coastal modelling by a prehistoric Cenozoic sea and like all of the others, it is inaccessible to the public. It is supposedly the westernmost cave in Slovakia, although actually it is rather the J06041401 cave. None of the caves are open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Notable rivers originating in the Devín Carpathians include Čierny potok and Mokrý jarok (also called Mokrý potok), the latter is a short stream originating at the Devínska Kobyla mountain, draining its south-eastern part. It flows into the Danube near the quarry at Devínska cesta Street, near island Sihoť.</p><br>
<h3>Notable areas</h3><br>
<p>Abandoned military rocket base (Rádiotechnická hláska protivzdušnej obrany štátu) located at the summit of Devínska Kobyla.</p><br>
<p>Sandberg is a sandstone hill containing an important paleontological site, famous for its shark teeth, and bones of seals, whales and ancient monkeys.</p><br>
<p>Sorbus domestica of Devín is a protected tree, rare in Europe. This specimen is 80 years old and 10 meters tall. The tree is located in the vineyards above Devín castle.</p><br>
<p>Srdce (Heart) is a former quarry named after its shape. It contains a chemical dump of artificial asphalt waste from the bombed Apollo refinery, created in 1963 by the Slovnaft rafinery in Bratislava.</p><br>
<h3>Flora and fauna</h3><br>
<p>Flora and fauna is similar to that of the Little Carpathians, yet the area of Devínska Kobyla represents the edge of the thermophilic dry vegetation of the pannonian plane. According to the phytogeorgraphical division of J. Futák (1964, 1972), Devínska Kobyla is grouped together with the neighboring Hundsheimer Berge in Austria, consisting of an area of xerothermic pannonian flora (Eupannonicum).</p><br>
<p>Much of the area is densely forested with mostly pine-oak or oak-hornbeam trees. Humans have been shaping the environment in this area for centuries and anthropic changes included cutting and burning forests, creating meadows, establishing vineyards and orchards, grazing animals and planting new trees. Today, the area of Devín Carpathians contains a mixture of stony and grassy forest steppe, shrublands and dense forests. Some areas are more often visited and continually being changed over the course of centuries, other areas are relatively intact. There are numerous endemic species living inside the protected areas. The mountains are rich in mushroom diversity as the small area of Devínska Kobyla alone contains at least 234 species of identified mushrooms.</p><br>
<p>Local flora contains approximately 1,100 species of plants, 25 species are protected in Slovakia. The area is notable for its Viola hybrids. Dominant flora includes Stipa pulcherrima, Carex humilis, Scabiosa suaveolena, Festuca valesiaca, Ranunculus illyricus and Bromus erectus. Protected plants include Adonis vernalis, Pulsatilla nigricans, Pulsatilla grandis, Anemone sylvestris, Lilium martagon, Stipa joannis, Jurinea mollis, Iris pumila, Dictamnus albus, Cornus mas, Prunus mahaleb, Fraxinus ornus, Chrysopogon gryllus, Vinca herbacea, Lathyrus pannonicus, Platanthera bifolia, Iris variegata, Himantoglossum adriaticum, Limodorum abortivum and Rhamnus saxatilis. Other plants include Ononis pusilla, Lathyrus sphaericus, Conringia austriaca, Potentilla pedata, Smyrnium perfoliatum, Bupleurum rotundifolium, Consolida orientalis ssp. paniculata and Asplenium adiantum-nigrum.</p><br>
<p>Fauna of Devín Carpathians is notable especially for its large number of species of heat-loving insects. Insects include</p><br>
<p>Coleophora dianthi, Coleophora adspersella, Coleophora virgatella, Pandemis dumetanz, Trachismia rigana, Mantispa styriaca, Zanclognatha tarsipennalis, Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus and Procris gerryon. Protected insects include Saga pedo, Mantis religiosa, Papilio machaon, Iphiclides podalirius, Ascalaphus macaronius, Lucanus cervus, Parnassius mnemosyne and others. Amphibians include Salamandra salamandra, Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis, reptiles include Lacerta viridis, Lacerta agilis, Podarcis muralis, Anguis fragilis, Zamenis longissimus, Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata and Coronella austriaca.</p><br>
<p>Birds known to hunt here include Common Rock Thrush and Saker Falcon, birds known to nest here include Common Buzzard. Mammals include the numerous Roe deer, also Fallow deer, Red deer only in the deep forest, Wild boar, Red fox and European badger. There are no wolves or bears in the mountains.</p><br>
<h3>Protected areas</h3><br>
<p>Almost the entire area of the mountain range is protected by the Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area. A small 650 ha patch of Devín Carpathians is protected under the European Union network of protected areas Natura 2000. Additionally, Slovak law protects the following areas inside the mountain range:</p><br>
<p>National nature reserve Devínska Kobyla (NPR Devínska Kobyla)</p><br>
<p>National nature monument Devín Castle rock (NPP Devínska hradná skala)</p><br>
<p>National cultural monument Devín Castle (NKP Devín - Slovanské hradisko)</p><br>
<p>National cultural monument Villa Rustica (NKP Villa Rustica)</p><br>
<p>Natural monument Devín forest steppe (PP Devínska lesostep)</p><br>
<p>Nature reserve Fialková valley (PR Fialková dolina)</p><br>
<p>Nature reserve Štokeravská vápenka (PR Štokeravská vápenka)</p><br>
<p>Nature reserve Slovanský island (PR Slovanský ostrov)</p><br>
<p>Protected area Lesné diely (CHA Lesné diely)</p><br>
<p>Protected tree Sorbus domestica of Devín (CHS Devínska oskoruša)</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The main access point to Devín Carpathians is located at the parking lot underneath Devín Castle. The mountains feature the following hiking trails:</p><br>
<p>Red trail TZT 0701a – from Devín, parking to Slavín. Length: 15.7 kilometers, cumulative elevation gain 625 meters.</p><br>
<p>Yellow trail TZT 8104 – from Devín, parking to Dúbravka, House of Culture. Length: 6.6 kilometers, cumulative elevation gain 296 meters.</p><br>
<p>Blue trail TZT 2461 – from Devín, parking to Devínska Nová Ves. Length: 4.9 kilometers, cumulative elevation gain 244 meters.</p><br>
<p>Green trail TZT 5114 – from Devínska Nová Ves to Devínska Kobyla summit</p><br>
<p>Blue trail TZT 2436 – from Karlova Ves, OD Centrum to Dúbravka, House of Culture</p><br>
<p>Green trail TZT 5136 – from Dúbravka, House of Culture to Dúbravka, Technické sklo</p><br>
<p>There are 4 educational trails (náučný chodník) in the area of Devín Carpathians. All of them are administered by the city boroughs, which is why they are usually well-kept, unlike educational trails in other part of Little Carpathians, especially those funded by a one-time money transfer from the European Union or the city of Bratislava. Educational trails in this area have not been damaged or destroyed by legal logging like in other areas (for example the Lamač – Železná studienka educational trail inside the Bratislavský lesný park).</p><br>
<p>Dúbravka educational trail (Dúbravský náučný chodník) - from MiÚ Mestská časť Dúbravka to ZŠ Sokolíkova, length 4.5 km, cumulative elevation gain 149 m.</p><br>
<p>Devínska Kobyla educational trail (Náučný chodník Devínska Kobyla) - from Devín Castle to Sandberg, length 4.0 km, cumulative elevation gain 280 m. It features 5 information signs: 1. Národná prírodná rezervácia Devínska Kobyla, 2. Rastlinstvo Devínskej Kobyly, 3. Historické premeny Devínskej Kobyly, 4. Živočíšstvo Devínskej Kobyly, 5. Geologická stavba Devínskej Kobyly a Sandberg.</p><br>
<p>Slovak island educational trail (Náučný chodník Slovanský ostrov)- information signs from the original Slovak island educational trail were moved to Slovanské nábrežie.</p><br>
<p>Dendropark - information signs were vandalized in the past, but are restored as of 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Bergland Administrative Site, also known as the Bergland Ranger Station, is a government administrative complex consisting of six buildings located along M-28 in Bergland, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Around 1900, Gunlek A. Bergland purchased lands in this area for their timber. At first Bergland shipped logs east to another sawmill, but around 1903 established a new mill on Lake Gogebic, and renamed the small surrounding community after himself. The mill and its successors ran in Bergland until 1958. However, by the 1920s, much of the land in the area was cut over, and the United States Forest Service purchased large swaths here and in other places in the Upper Peninsula. The Ottawa National Forest was established in 1931 to manage the lands, with a supervisory office at Munising. In 1935, the office was moved to Ironwood. However, with the introduction of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to the forest, more localized offices were needed, and in the same year, seven district offices were established, including this one in Bergland.</p><br>
<p>The first ranger assigned to the site, Joseph "Popcorn" Blake, arrived in 1935 and lived in town until the site was ready. The site originally contained a Rangers Office and dwelling, a garage, an oil house and woodshed, a warehouse, a latrine, and a weather instrument station. The latter two structures have since been demolished. An Assistant Rangers dwelling was added in 1957, a small woodshed was constructed in 1979, and a pole shed was added in 1985.</p><br>
<p>However, when the ranger staff expanded to cover environmental monitoring and recreation, the site became obsolete. The station was closed in 1998. The Ottawa National Forest partnered with the Bergland Cultural & Heritage Center and The Bergland/Matchwood Historical Society Museum, who use the buildings on the site. In 2009, the Museum moved into the ranger house and garage. The Cultural & Heritage Center uses the office and the remainder of the buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Bergland Administrative Site consists of six frame buildings constructed in 1936/37, and three more structures built latter which are non-contributing. The structures are located along a curved drive.</p><br>
<p>Ranger Station Office: The Ranger Station Office is a -story Colonial Revival building, based on a standard Forest Service plan, measuring 26 by 30 feet. The structure is wood framed with weatherboard siding and sits on a poured concrete foundation. The entry is through a front-gable, enclosed entry porch centered in the front facade and surrounded by a wood cornice and Doric motif pilasters. On the inside, offices are located on the first and second floors, and mechanicals in the basement.</p><br>
<p>Rangers Dwelling: The Rangers Dwelling is a two-story side-gabled Colonial Revival, also based on a standard Forest Service plan, measuring 26 by 36 feet. The structure is wood-framed with weatherboard siding and sits on a poured concrete foundation. The entry is through a front door with stoop, surrounded by a wood cornice and Doric motif pilasters. A small porch is attached to the rear, and a massive, brick-lined stone chimney stands toward the front to one side. On the inside, the living room, dining room, and second-floor bedrooms have original wood flooring, while the kitchen, bathrooms, and porch are covered in linoleum. In the living room, the</p><br>
<p>fireplace has a brick hearth and surrounds with a finely crafted mantel above and built-in bookcases on either side.</p><br>
<p>Garage: The garage is a single-story, two-bay, wood-framed, side-gable structure measuring 22 feet by 22 feet. It is also based on a standard Forest Service plan. Each bay has an overhead door.</p><br>
<p>Warehouse: The warehouse is a 22-foot-by-60-foot side-gable structure with weatherboard siding covering wood framing. It has four garage bays with overhead doors and a pedestrian entrance at one side. The interior is partitioned into two halves.</p><br>
<p>Oil Shed: The oil shed is a front-gable, one-story shed measuring 10 feet by 12 feet and covered with weatherboard siding on a poured concrete foundation. It has a single door, and is based on a standard Forest Service plan.</p><br>
<p>Woodshed: The woodshed is a front-gable, one-story shed covered with weatherboard siding on a poured concrete foundation. It has a single door, and is based on a standard Forest Service plan.</p><br>
<p>Penrose Wolf Building, also known as the Rockwood Opera House, is a historic commercial building located at Rockwood, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The front section was built in 1898, and is a two-story, wood frame structure measuring 30 feet by 60 feet. The rear section was added in 1905, and is a three-story, yellow brick structure measuring 50 feet by 75 feet. In the early 20th century, the upper floor of the wood frame section housed "the Opera House." The rear section was designed for heavy commercial use and housed a grain and lumber storage facility. In 2000 the building was purchased by Judith Pletcher and restored to working order. Currently housing shoppes, restaurants and live entertainment in the Opera House.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Somerset County Courthouse is a historic county courthouse building located at Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1904 and 1906, and is a two-story Classical Revival building measuring 146 feet by 112 feet, and 135 feet tall. It is built of Indiana limestone and sits on a sandstone foundation. The building has a terra cotta tile roof, and central tower with copper dome. It features a semicircular portico supported by four unfluted Corinthian order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It is located in the Uptown Somerset Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Somerset County Soldiers&#39; Monument (1888) stands at the northeast corner of Centre Avenue and Union Street, on courthouse grounds. About 100 feet east of it, between the courthouse and the old brick jail, stands the 142nd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Monument (2003).</p><br>
<p>Mars Wark is a ruined building in Stirling built 1570–1572 by John Erskine, Regent of Scotland and Earl of Mar, and now in the care of Historic Scotland. Mar intended the building for the principal residence of the Erskine family in Stirling, whose chief had become hereditary keeper of the nearby royal Stirling Castle where the princes of Scotland were schooled. Wark is a Scots language word for work, and here it means building. The house is also called "Mars Lodging."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building fronts the kirk yard of the Holy Rude Church and sits at the head of the processional route to Stirling Castle above the town&#39;s tollbooth. The windowless front façade survives lacking its upper storey, access is possible to the first floor. The basement vaults have doors and windows to the street and may have been intended for shops.</p><br>
<p>The façade is nearly symmetrical around a gatehouse frontispiece with two polygonal towers. Liberal carved stone decoration is based on European print-sources or decorative arts with royal and Erskine heraldry, and wry inscriptions. A motif of the letter "A" with the earls coronet points to a variant version of the family name, as "Areskine," or possibly the initial of Mars countess, Annabella Murray. Traditionally it has been alleged that the carvings include stones re-cycled from Cambuskenneth Abbey.</p><br>
<p>The general articulation and architectural mouldings closely reflect royal buildings, especially the palace at Stirling Castle. The Earl of Mar may well have called upon the skills of the royal Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland of the time, William MacDowall.</p><br>
<p>The Wark is now protected by the Scottish Government as a category A-listed building, and as a scheduled monument.</p><br>
<h2>Inscriptions</h2><br>
<p>The middle Scots inscriptions carved on the gatehouse centrepiece refer to the onlookers appreciation of the architecture and the eminence of the Regent himself in the buildings own voice:</p><br>
<p>South tower I pray all luikaris on this lugingWith gentile E to gif thair jugingI pray all lookers on this lodging,With gentle eye to give their judging.North towerThe moir I stand on oppin hithtMy faultis moir subject ar to sithtThe more I stand on open height,My faults more subject are to sight.(As I am so prominent, so my faults are more obvious)Internal (exit) archEsspy speik furth and spair nochtConsidder veil I cair nothtSee, speak forth and spare not (or possibly; question not),Consider well, I care not.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is often said that the building was never finished, but there is little evidence for this, although it was probably unfinished at the death of Regent Mar in October 1572. It seems from the records of Stirling burgh that Countess Annabella continued to use the building. As the lodging commands Broad Street and the town it was later used to mount artillery during civil unrest.</p><br>
<p>The Karen Hills, also known as Kayah-Karen Mountains, are one of the main hill ranges in eastern Burma. They are located at the SW corner of Shan State and in Kayah State, a mountainous region where the only relatively flat area is Loikaw, the capital. The southern end runs into Kayin State. One of the first all-weather roads in Burma was across the Karen Hills connecting Taungoo with Loilem.</p><br>
<p>Lawpita Falls, Myanmar&#39;s largest hydropower plant, built by the Japanese as war reparation, is located in these mountains.</p><br>
<p>The name of the range is derived from the Karen people who occupy the highland area. In colonial times these mountains were often referred to as the "Toungoo Hills", for they rise east of Taungoo (formerly "Toungoo").</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Geographically the Karen Hills are the southwestern projection of the Shan Hills.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is Nattaung, one of the ultra prominent peaks in Southeast Asia. Another prominent mountain is 1,249 m high Takolaw Kyo.</p><br>
<p>The Karen Hills rise from Burma&#39;s central plain and stretch for 120 km eastwards in their broadest part until they reach the Salween (Thanlwin) River valley. The steep gorge of this river, one of the main rivers in Burma, divides the Karen Hills from the Dawna Range in the east.</p><br>
<h2>Human activity and ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Karen Hills are covered with dense montane rain forest. Local villages used to be far up in the hills and as much off the main roads as possible and villagers used to cultivate upland rice in forest clearings. Owing to the activity of the Tatmadaw in the area many local people have moved across the border into Thailand where they live in refugee camps.</p><br>
<p>These mountains are geologically and ecologically homogeneous with the neighboring Dawna Range and the head of the Tenasserim Hills, so that frequently the whole mountainous area is considered as a whole under the name "Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim". They are covered with tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, the Kayah-Karen montane rain forests; these are part of the Kayah-Karen/Tenasserim moist forests ecoregion which is included in the Global 200 list of ecoregions identified by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) as priorities for conservation.</p><br>
<p>Among the rare and vulnerable species in these highlands, Kitti&#39;s Hog-nosed Bat and the holoparasitic flowering plant Sapria himalayana deserve mention.</p><br>
<h3>Protected areas</h3><br>
<p>There were two main protected areas during British rule, the Kahilu Reserved Forest and the Sinswe Reserved Forest. Since the area is a conflict zone, the KNU initially delimited an area in the Minanwe Wildlife Sanctuary, but in recent years these forests have seen unprecedented destruction.</p><br>
<p>The North Fork Bridge carries Arkansas Highway 5 over the North Fork River, or the North Fork of the White River, in Norfork, Arkansas. It is a modern steel girder bridge, replacing a 1937 Warren deck truss bridge, which was the first road crossing of the North Fork River in Norfork. The 1937 bridge, demolished in 2014, was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 1937 bridge was a four-span structure designed by the Arkansas Highway & Transportation and built by Vincennes Bridge Co. A total of 518 ft in length, the bridge represented an early example steel deck construction. Two of the spans were cantilevered, extending 28 ft beyond the piers and providing the suspension points for the other two spans. The bridge was documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Islas Caracas are an archipelago in the Caribbean Sea consists of 2 islands, which belong to Venezuela, located in eastern Sucre state, north of the peninsula of Santa Fe, west of the Manaure peninsula and the Venado island and east of the island Picúa Grande, from the December 19, 1973 under Decree No. 1534 belong to the Mochima National Park.</p><br>
<p>These islands are uninhabited, showing landscapes with xerophytic vegetation and rocky coral formations</p><br>
<p>Caracas Islands consist of two main islands</p><br>
<p>Eastern Caracas (Caracas del Este)</p><br>
<p>Western Caracas (Caracas del Oeste)</p><br>
<p>The Isla Caracas, Sucre, Mochima National Park Venezuela....JPG</p><br>
<p>The Isla Caracas-Sucre, Mochima National Park. Venezuela.JPG</p><br>
<p>The Isla Caracas. Sucre, Mochima National Park, Venezuela.JPG</p><br>
<p>The Isla Caracas. Sucre, Mochima National Park Venezuela.JPG</p><br>
<p>The Isla Caracas. Sucre-Mochima National Park. Venezuela.JPG</p><br>
<p>New Guinea II is a limestone cave and rockshelter on the Snowy River at the end of New Guinea Track, near Buchan, Victoria. The cave was within the country of the Krowathunkooloong clan of the Gunaikurnai nation. The deep cave system has an overhanging cliff that creates a rock shelter at the entrance facing the river. Excavations in the 1980s carried out by archaeologist Paul Ossa and a team from LaTrobe University found stone artefacts, and other signs of occupation that were dated to almost 20,000 BP.</p><br>
<p>New Guinea II is one of three major cave systems that have so far been investigated in the middle Snowy River area, along with New Guinea Cave (NG-1), and Nuigini Namba Fav Cave (NG-5, NG-6. New Guinea II is largely joint-controlled, although the entrance area is formed along bedding planes and has a large chamber and passage with a perennial stream and several entrances. Finger or tool marks made in the dried mud on the cave wall are thought to be of prehistoric Aboriginal origin and are similar to those of Koonalda Cave on the Nullarbor Plain. New Guinea II is the first place where such markings have been recorded in Victoria. Animal origin has been proposed for the wall markings, although many appear to be in regular patterns, including circles and diagonal crosses. They are also generally on smoother parts of the walls and some are in now-dark and inaccessible parts of the cave.</p><br>
<p>The cave is used by a Bent Wing bats, which congregate in the large chamber, deep inside the cave.</p><br>
<p>The cave has been occupied intermittently for more than 20,000 years (21,900 +900/-800 BP and 4,660 +/- 110 BP) with a small, but constant amount of lithic material and bone artefacts, as well as evidence of a hearth on a dry floor near the stream within the cave. Vertebrate fauna remains are abundant but mostly of non-cultural origin, representing animals that used the cave at times it was vacated by humans.</p><br>
<p>The artefact assemblage is similar to that at the nearby Cloggs Cave in Buchan, and in conjunction with Birrigai in the ACT they represent a general signature of human occupation and resource exploitation of the southeastern uplands during the Pleistocene. This reveals a non-intensive use of caves and shelters and consumption of local fauna. In comparison, southwestern Tasmanian Pleistocene sites appear to have a different signature of cave occupation and the primacy of a single vertebrate resource.</p><br>
<p>Boswell Historic District is a national historic district located at Boswell in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 90 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site. It encompasses an area developed by the Merchants Mining Company of Baltimore, Maryland starting in 1901. It includes the remaining extant mine resources and the archaeological remains of the mine. They consist of utilitarian industrial buildings, four types of vernacular housing, and a variety of commercial, social, and institutional buildings. Notable buildings include the First National Bank of Boswell , Merchants Coal Company office , St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church , and Sts. Peter and Paul Russian Orthodox Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Cairnbrook Historic District is a national historic district located at Shade Township in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 132 contributing buildings and 8 contributing structures. It encompasses an area developed by the Loyal Hanna Coal and Coke Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania between 1912 and 1920. It includes the remaining extant mine resources and the archaeological remains of the mine. They consist of workers&#39; housing, a variety of commercial and social buildings, and a modern draft entry mine with accompanying extractive buildings and structures. Notable buildings include the motor barn, supply house, electric substation, and Loyal Hanna Coal and Coke Company Office . The mine operated until 1958.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Uptown Somerset Historic District is a national historic district located at Somerset in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 190 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object. It encompasses an area centered on the county government complex and Somerset County Courthouse, with the surrounding commercial district, residential areas, and cemetery. Notable buildings include the former Somerset Trust Company Building , First National Bank , County Jail and Sheriffs Residence , Lansberry House , Edward Scull House , former Somerset Academy , Printing House Row , St. Pauls United Church of Christ , IOOF Building , First Christian Church , and National Guard Armory .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, with a boundary increase in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Nacirema Club is a social club located at 6118 30th Street in Detroit, Michigan; it was the first African American social club in Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1910s and 1920s, Detroit saw a substantial influx of African Americans moving from the southern states in hopes of finding employment. The growth of the African American community was so great that the Black Bottom district on the east side was no longer adequate. With the population pressure, Blacks began moving in substantial numbers to other parts of the city, including the area along Tireman Avenue. This neighborhood became a Black enclave through the middle of the century, with numerous single- and multi-family houses and vibrant commercial districts along Tireman and Grand River Avenue.</p><br>
<p>As the neighborhood grew, so did its social network. In 1922, Raymond H. Menard and Julian Archer founded the Nacirema Club as a place for well-to-do Black men to relax and network. The club was patterned after established White clubs in the city such as the Detroit Athletic Club and the Detroit Club. The name of the club is "American" spelled backwards, and is meant as a reminder that African Americans, even in this time of racial prejudice, are proud to be Americans. The club was officially incorporated in 1932, with 21 charter members, including doctors, lawyers, teachers, postal workers, and factory workers. Edgar Houston served as the first president.</p><br>
<p>In 1923 the club purchased a two-story brick house which had been built three years earlier and converted it into their clubhouse. Further alterations were made in 1937 and 1942, and in 1949 a one-story addition was constructed to the rear. The club had a ballroom, dining room, and a spacious lobby, and was used by the community for wedding receptions, proms, anniversary parties, and other social events. During its heyday, the highlight of the season was the club&#39;s "Nacirema Week", where the club hosted a racetrack party, boat ride, picnic, and dinner dance. The club continued to be a men-only club until 1998, when women were first admitted as members.</p><br>
<p>Although the surrounding neighborhood has fallen on hard times and club membership has dwindled, the Nacirema Club still exists.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building housing the Nacirema Club is a two-story, four-square vernacular American Foursquare style house covered with reddish-brown brick. It has a shallow overhanging hipped roof with projecting dormers on each side. On the front façade, a similar hipped roof covers the front porch and entryway. First-floor windows in the front have been altered, with one window bricked in and a double window replaced with a picture window. Second-floor windows are double-hung windows with paned uppers.</p><br>
<p>The building is the most substantial structure on the block, and the only one with brick facing. Surrounding structures are smaller frame single-family homes, and what are now empty lots.</p><br>
<p>The 1949 addition extends to the rear alley and completely covers what was once the back yard. The addition is concrete and brick.</p><br>
<p>Tulipwood is a shingle style historic home at 1165 Hamilton Street in the Somerset section of Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by Jacob August Lienau.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land has been owned by the family of Mary Maclay Pentz Williams since 1877. An 8-1/4 acre portion of the original 121 acre property was transferred to Stephen Guion Williams in the last will and testament of Mary Williams on February 28, 1891.</p><br>
<p>The house, Tulipwood, was built for Stephen Guion Williams of the Williams & Guion Black Star Line family in 1892. It was the third house built on the property. In 1920 Tulipwood became the home of Leigh W. Kimball and his family.</p><br>
<p>Tulipwood, also known as Whitehaven Farms, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 9, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Andoga  is a river in Belozersky, Kaduyusky, and Cherepovetsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Suda River. It is 142 km long, and the area of its basin 3,760 km&sup2;. The principal tributaries of the Andoga are the Shulma , the Miga , and the Vizma .</p><br>
<p>The source of the Andoga is in the western part of Lake Andozero. The river flows in the southern direction through a flat, swampy area. Close to the mouth of the Shulma there are several villages at the banks of the Andoga, including Novoye and Nikolskoye. Downstream from these villages a road follows the left bank of the river, eventually deviating southwest to Kaduy. In the lowest course a short stretch of the Andoga enters Cherepovetsky District. The mouth of the Andoga is in the village of Andogsky, several kilometers north of the urban-type settlement of Khokhlovo.</p><br>
<p>In the 16th century the Andoga was notable for the fishery, and zander from the Andoga was sent to the Tsar. At the same time, first regular settlements appeared. The area which is now Kaduyusky District was referred to at the time as Andogsky Stan.</p><br>
<p>Wilson Lake is a 308 acre waterbody located in York County, Maine in the United States. The lake is spring-fed and drains to Horn Pond which flows into the Salmon Falls River and eventually empties into the tidal waters of the Piscataqua River in Portsmouth, NH, Great Bay and the Gulf of Maine.</p><br>
<p>Wilson Lake is classified as "good" under the Maine Department of Environmental Protection water quality parameters. The Wilson Lake watershed covers 2,479 acres. The watershed is currently 79% forested, 8% developed, and has 49% buildable area. The Wilson Lake shoreline is primarily composed of low density residential houses and camps (63%). The majority of structures (70%) are within 50 feet of the shoreline.</p><br>
<p>Wilson Lake water quality has been measured since 1977. During this period 29 years of secchi disk transparency data, 9 years of phosphorus data, 5 years of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data, and 17 years of dissolved oxygen (DO) data has been taken. From this data, the median total phosphorus (TP) concentration in 2008 was 6.5 parts per billion (ppb) and mean secchi disk transparency was 5.9 m.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson Lake Association was established to maintain a program that will reverse any trend of degrading water quality. The associations also encourages all of the lake&#39;s stakeholders to be involved and support cooperative efforts to reduce or eliminate the impact of contaminants on lake water quality.</p><br>
<p>Stoystown Historic District is a national historic district located at Stoystown in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 81 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, and one contributing object. It encompasses central business district and surrounding residential areas in Stoystown. They primarily date from the late-19th and early-20th century. Notable non-residential buildings include the Grace Lutheran Church , St. Paul&#39;s United Church of Christ , John Griffin Building , Laurel Bank , former Custer House , H.J. Specht Hardware , former IOOF Hall , and former public school . The contributing sites are the Union Cemetery  and Stoystown-Quemahoning Township Area Recreation Park . The contributing object is a Lincoln Highway marker . Located in the district and separately listed is the Hite House, dated to 1853.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Acheson House is a 17th-century house in the Old Town of Edinburgh, Scotland. It was built in 1633 for Sir Archibald Acheson, 1st Baronet, Secretary of State of Scotland for King Charles I. It did not stay in the Acheson family, and during the 19th century it declined like much of the Old Town. Slum clearance led the city council to acquire the building in 1924, but the Marquess of Bute bought it to have it restored during the 1930s. It was later used by church and arts groups, but was vacant between 1991 and 2011. In November 2011, Acheson House became the base for the Edinburgh World Heritage Trust. The ground floor of the building will become part of the Museum of Edinburgh, based in the adjacent Huntly House.</p><br>
<p>The house is on the Canongate, the lower part of the Royal Mile, and is protected as a category A listed building as an "outstanding example of a large, early 17th century Scottish townhouse."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sir Archibald Acheson (c.1580–1634) was a Scottish lawyer who emigrated to Ireland in 1610. He maintained his position in Scotland however, serving as a member of the Parliament of Scotland in 1625, and being appointed a Lord of Session in 1627. Some time before 1634 he held the office of Secretary of State, Scotland in the government of Charles I.</p><br>
<p>Sir Archibald and his wife, Margaret Hamilton, built Acheson House in 1633, but he may never have lived there, dying the following year. In 1636 the house was sold to Edinburgh merchant Patrick Wood. It passed through many owners, including the Incorporation of Bakers in 1784. The house was subdivided in the 18th century. A brothel had been established in the house by the early 19th century. Between 1830 and 1924 it was owned by the Slater family.</p><br>
<p>In the 20th century, declining living standards in the Old Town prompted widespread slum clearance. In preparation for this, Acheson House was bought by the city council, but the house came to the attention of the 4th Marquess of Bute, a keen antiquarian who also supported the restoration of Gladstone&#39;s Land and houses on Charlotte Square. Lord Bute purchased the house in 1935, and commissioned architect Robert Hurd to carry out an extensive but sympathetic restoration. In 1938 it was suggested that the house could become the official residence of the Secretary of State for Scotland, but the following year it was acquired by the Canongate Kirk and was used by the Iona Community, an ecumenical group. Between 1947 and 1951 an educational book publisher and his wife and five children used it as their family home. From 1951 it became the Scottish Craft Centre, a showcase for contemporary Scottish craftwork. The Craft Centre closed in 1991, and the building was empty for 20 years. It was added to the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland in 2000. By 2007 plans had been prepared to incorporate the building into the Museum of Edinburgh, located in Huntly House, next door to Acheson House on the Canongate. During 2011 the house was renovated, and in November the Edinburgh World Heritage Trust moved into the building from its previous base at 5 Charlotte Square.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The three-storey L-plan house faces the Canongate to the north, and Bakehouse Close to the west. The house is set back from the Canongate, with a small forecourt entered via a timber door. Formerly located in Anchor Close, the stone lintel above this door is inscribed "O Lord In Thee Is All My Traist". The gateway from Bakehouse Close was brought from Carberry Tower in East Lothian in the 1930s restoration. Above the door to the stair-tower the date 1633 is carved, together with the initials of Archibald Acheson and Margaret Hamilton, and the Acheson family crest: a cock and trumpet. The forecourt garden is to be restored as part of the renovation of the house.</p><br>
<p>East Berlin Historic District is a national historic district located at East Berlin in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 177 contributing buildings in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of East Berlin. They primarily date from the third quarter of the 18th to the early-20th century. It includes a notable collection of 18th century log and stone dwellings. Notable buildings include 426 W. King Street , 414 W. King Street, 412 W. King Street , 400 W. King Street , 210 W. King Street , 200-202 W. King Street, 110 W. King Street, 105-107 W. King Street, 127 W. King Street, 529 W. King Street, 115-117 E. King Street, 119-121 E. King Street, 104 Fourth Street , and Church School House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Fairfield Historic District is a national historic district located at Fairfield in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 117 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures. It encompasses the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Fairfield, including the Daniel Musselman Farm. They primarily date from the late-18th to the mid-19th century. It includes several homes used as hospitals following the July 3, 1863, 6th USA Cavalry skirmish during the Battle of Fairfield of the Gettysburg Campaign. The Musselman Farm property served as the field hospital for Johnson&#39;s Division of the Confederate States Army. Notable buildings include the John Miller Manor House , Greek Revival architecture-style Musselman Farmhouse and stone / frame barn complex, Lutheran and Roman Catholic churches, Mrs. Blythe House, and R.C. Swope House. Located in the district is the separately listed Fairfield Inn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Khao Sam Muk , is a 45 m high hill in Chonburi Province, Thailand. It is located in Chonburi city right by the seashore of Bangkok Bay between Ang Sila and Bang Saen Beach. There is a Chinese shrine on the hill-top which affords views of the surrounding landscape, including Bang Saen Beach, and there is another shrine at the foot of the escarpment.</p><br>
<p>There are many wild rhesus monkeys living in the bush on the sides of the hill. There are also cactus gardens on the hilltop and many restaurants below along the road flanking the shoreline. A tall white building on the southern side right by the hill is a blot on the panoramic view of Khao Sam Muk.</p><br>
<h2>Legends and symbolism</h2><br>
<p>Khao Sam Muk has symbolic significance in Chonburi. Local people believe that the spirit of that mountain protects the fishermen from harm. One legend tells that the wife of a fisherman waited on the hill for her husband who was lost at sea. Another legend tells that in the 18th century a poor Chinese girl named Sam Muk jumped to her death from the cliff after her parents objected to her marriage to her lover, becoming deified after her death. In some versions both the girl and her lover threw themselves from the escarpment. Sam Muk hill appears in somewhat stylized form in the provincial seal of Chonburi.</p><br>
<p>The Tarragal Caves are a network of large limestone caves and rockshelters which overlook the Bridgewater Lakes near the towns of Tarragal and Cape Bridgewater, Victoria in the Charles La Trobe and are near Discovery Bay Coastal Park. The caves were idenitifed as important Aboriginal camping places early in the historic perod, and were excavated in the late 1970s by Harry Lourandos, revealing stratified deposits in the floor of 11,300 years old, along with shell midden deposits and earth ovens over 11,000 years old.</p><br>
<p>Located just off the Bridgewater Lakes Road, and accessible in part by walking track, the cave openings form a series of galleries with clear views across the surrounding landscape and lakes.</p><br>
<p>One of the caves extends under ground for over 400 m and has a sinkhole opening to the surface so that there is a constant stream of air through the cave and rising up the hole. It is said that whenever Aborigines approached this, they would a piece of wood into the hole to "propitiate the demon supposed to reside within its profound and mysterious depths."</p><br>
<p>Colonial administrator Charles La Trobe visited the site in 1845 and 1846, and had some of his men lower a rope ladder over the cliff so he could explore the caves. He also provided a detailed description in 1846, noting that "...the ‘natives’ referred to it as ‘Lubras’ Cave’" and that they "...knew the caverns well and...had a superstitious dread of them, stating that the caverns below were inhabited by headless lubras". LaTrobe noted that when they came to the point under the sink hole there was a large pile of timber, assumed to be the items thrown down by Aborigines over the ages. They then set fire to the pile lighting up the cave "... and displayed a magnificent vaulted chamber, bedecked with long glistening stalactites, and tenanted by vast numbers of bats, whose whirring, whizzing noise was probably that which the natives attributed to some supernatural being."</p><br>
<p>An early etching depicting an Aboriginal family in the cave entrance was probably inspired by La Trobe&#39;s record.</p><br>
<p>Pollen analysis of sediments in the cave has assisted in reconstructing the Pleistocene climate and environment of the region and understanding what resources were available to Aborigines.</p><br>
<p>The Cadell and Blyth Floodplains consist of the 432 km&sup2; floodplain of the lower reaches of the Blyth and Cadell Rivers of northern Arnhem Land in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is an important site for waterbirds.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The combined floodplain of the Blyth and Cadell rivers meets Boucaut Bay between Milingimbi Island to the east and the Maningrida community to the west. Copious seasonal flows down the rivers inundate the floodplain with over a metre of water in wetter years. The coast of the bay is characterised by intertidal mud, sand and salt flats as well as mangroves, while the riverine plain is fringed by paperbark forests and woodlands. Land tenure is traditionally owned Aboriginal land.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The floodplain, with the adjoining coast of Boucaut Bay, has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it has supported over 1% of the world populations of pied herons, brolgas and great knots. The large numbers of waders, or shorebirds, recorded at Boucaut Bay include over 1% of the world populations of great knots and pied oystercatchers. Other waterbirds using the floodplain and the mudflats of the bay in relatively large numbers include little pied cormorants, great egrets, black-tailed godwits, red-necked stints, magpie geese and whistling ducks. Asian dowitchers visit in small numbers. Chestnut rails are present. Biome-restricted passerines recorded at the site include white-gaped and bar-breasted honeyeaters, and long-tailed finches.</p><br>
<p>Cloggs Cave is a limestone cave and rockshelter with significant Aboriginal archaeological deposits, located on a cliff along the Snowy River gorge near the town of Buchan, Victoria.</p><br>
<p>The cave was within the country of the Krowathunkooloong clan of the Gunaikurnai nation. The roof of the rock shelter outside the cave is heavily blackened, evidently from campfires. A passage leads to an inner chamber with a high cathedral-like roof.</p><br>
<p>The cave was discovered by Josephine Flood, when driving to another site in eastern Victoria. Her subsequent excavations within the dry floor of the rock shelter revealed extensive evidence of stone tool making from the Australian Small Tool Tradition, with the basal layer dated to the last 1,000 years. Further inside the cave dates from the excavation showed the site was probably first occupied around 17,000 years ago, but appears to have been abandoned by 1,000 years when the outer area was occupied. Based on the relatively small quantities of discarded stone tools, the site has been interpreted as an intermittently occupied hunting site rather than a permanent campsite, with deeply stratified layers containing both stone and bone tools along with ochre and a rich faunal assemblage. The artefact assemblage is from what is described as the Australian Core Tool and Scraper Tradition. Cloggs Cave was the first Pleistocene occupation site to be found with intact bone. Evidence of bones from megafauna and extinct marsupials was found to be dated between 27,500 and 24,500 years old, but were not associated with the human occupation layers.</p><br>
<p>The cave was also important in demonstrating the antiquity of Aboriginal occupation in south-east Australia and for its almost continuous sequence of occupation layers, extending into the post European settlement period in the 1830s and 1860s.</p><br>
<p>Horn Pond is a 227 acre water body located on the border of Acton, Maine, and Wakefield, New Hampshire, in the United States. The lake is both spring-fed and fed by the outflows of Great East Lake to the north and Wilson Lake to the east. Horn Pond&#39;s outlet is the Salmon Falls River which forms a natural border between Maine and New Hampshire and empties into the Piscataqua River east of Dover, New Hampshire, and ultimately the Gulf of Maine.</p><br>
<p>Horn Pond is classified as "Potentially Non-supporting" under the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services revised water quality standards for oligotrophic lakes. The Horn Pond watershed covers 1,139 acre that is primarily forested (70%). Only 6% of the watershed is developed, with 34% buildable area. The shoreline of Horn Pond is composed primarily of low density houses and camps (51%) and undeveloped shoreline (44%). 70% of the structures along the shoreline are within 50 ft of the waters edge.</p><br>
<p>Horn Pond water quality monitoring has been collected since 1982. During this period, 11 years of secchi disk transparency data, 7 years of total phosphorus (TP) data, 2 years of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data, and 5 years of dissolved oxygen (DO) data has been collected. From this data, the median TP concentration is 8.0 parts per billion (ppb) and the mean transparency is 6.6 m.</p><br>
<p>The Horn Pond Association has been recently redeveloped and aims to protect and improve the water quality of Horn Pond.</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified as a warm- and coldwater fishery and contains brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, largemouth and smallmouth bass, Eastern chain pickerel, brown bullhead, white perch and bluegill.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ivanhoe  is located in Carroll County, New Hampshire, in the United States. The lake has no traditional inlets or outlets. Historically, a small stream drained Lake Ivanhoe to Great East Lake, but construction filled in that stream many years ago and now drainage flows over land to Great East Lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ivanhoe is classified as "Potentially Impaired" according to the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services water quality parameters. Lake Ivanhoe receives this designation due to its in-lake phosphorus concentration which exceeds the water quality standards for oligotrophic lakes. The Lake Ivanhoe watershed is 455 acre and is 64% forested. The watershed is currently 17%, developed with 59% of the watershed being buildable area. The Lake Ivanhoe shoreline is primarily composed of low density residential houses and camps (66%). The majority of these structures (88%) are within 50 feet of the water&#39;s edge.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ivanhoe water quality monitoring has been collected since 1981. During this period, 16 years of secchi disk transparency data, 17 years of total phosphorus (TP) data, 16 years of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data, and 14 years of dissolved oxygen (DO) data have been collected. From this data, the median TP concentration is 8.0 parts per billion (ppb) and the mean transparency is 4.7 m.</p><br>
<p>Evans-Tibbs House is an historic house in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites since 1985 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is a contributing property in the Greater U Street Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Lillian Evans Tibbs</h2><br>
<p>The house was the residence of Lillian Evans Tibbs from 1904 to 1967. Performing under the stage name Madame Lillian Evanti, she was one of the first internationally acclaimed African American opera singers. She was also the first African American to perform with an organized European opera company and she performed for Eleanor Roosevelt at the White House. Tibbs served as a Goodwill Ambassador to South America, and in 1942 she helped establish the National Negro Opera Company.</p><br>
<p>After Tibb’s death her grandson, Thurlow Tibbs, Jr. lived in the house. He established and operated an art gallery called the Evans-Tibbs Collection. Upon his death in 1997 the art collection was bequeathed to the Corcoran Gallery of Art.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure is a two-story brick rowhouse designed by architect R.E. Crump. It was built in 1894; the decorative iron railings with stylized harps were added to the house in a 1932 renovation.</p><br>
<p>The Fourteenth Street Historic District is located in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was listed on both the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The area was then expanded on both lists in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Development began in the area after the American Civil War along one of Washington’s first street car lines. It illustrates the boom and bust cycle of this mode of transportation in the city. There are approximately 765 buildings that date from about 1859 to the mid-1930s. Residential styles employed include the Second Empire, Eastlake, Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival. There is also a collection of early 20th century automobile showrooms in the district as well.</p><br>
<p>Meridian Hall is an historic house in the Columbia Heights neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites since 1990 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as the Mansion at 2401 15th Street, NW.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was commissioned by Mary F. Henderson who led the movement to make Sixteenth Street NW and the Meridian Hill area of Washington and enclave of mansions and embassies. This structure did serve as an embassy, as it was intended, for a brief period of time.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>George Oakley Totten, Jr., who was known as Washington’s leading Beaux-Arts architect, designed this house in the Tudor Revival style. It was completed in 1923. The exterior features a scored stucco façade which is reminiscent of an English manor house. The front sports a large arched entrance portal and the building has panels of casement windows and cast stone quatrefoil ornamentation. The interior features a large central staircase, salons, ballroom, and a dining hall that is ornamented in the Tudor classical style.</p><br>
<p>O Street Market, also known as Northern Market, is a historic structure located at 1400 7th Street NW in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Built in 1881, it is one of three 19th-century public market buildings still standing in the city, along with Eastern Market and Georgetown Market. The market was listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1968 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The most distinctive architectural element of the Gothic Revival building is its corner tower on 7th and O Streets.</p><br>
<p>For decades, the market was a vital shopping destination for area residents. Following World War II, the market and surrounding neighborhood began to deteriorate. The building was slightly damaged during the 1968 Washington, D.C., riots, but was restored and reopened in 1980. Renovations were to begin in 2003, but in February of that year, the building&#39;s roof collapsed under snow following a historic blizzard. A decade later, the rehabilitated building reopened as part of a $325 million mixed-use development, City Market at O.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>Following the Civil War, local government officials led by Board of Public Works head Alexander "Boss" Shepherd sought to change the image of Washington, D.C., as a small, unattractive city. Among the many improvements Shepherd planned was the replacement of the city&#39;s existing public markets with new, brick facilities in heavily populated neighborhoods. One of the older markets, Northern Liberties Market at Mount Vernon Square, was razed in 1872. Many vendors refused to leave the market and several were killed during the demolition. With the help of businessmen, other vendors started the Northern Liberty Market Company (NLMC), which in 1875 opened a new public market at 5th and K Streets NW, in what is the present-day Mount Vernon Triangle neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Shepherd nevertheless moved ahead with plans for a city-owned public market, and allocated land for the facility on the southwest corner of Square 446 (a city block bounded by 6th, 7th, O, and P Streets NW).</p><br>
<p>The Northern Liberties Market struggled financially, as many residents found it too far from the commercial district on 7th Street. The NLMC sought to relocate, and in 1881 purchased the southwest corner of Square 422 (a city block bounded by 7th, 8th, O, and P Streets NW). Butcher Michael Hoover owned Square 422 in the early 1800s and sold it to printer Andrew Rothwell about 1845. Rothwell made many improvements to the property and added gardens which became popularly known as Rothwells Gardens. The NLMC applied for building permits for a $15,000 ($ in dollars), one-story brick building on May 31, 1881. The permit was signed by NLMC president Jesse B. Wilson. The new building was named O Street Market to avoid confusion with the companys other markets.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>The area surrounding the O Street Market, known as Shaw, was demographically mixed. The white population included a large number of German immigrants, many of whom were vendors at the market. 7th Street NW was the heart of the city&#39;s Jewish community, and a significant number of African Americans lived in the neighborhood. The market continued to thrive even as the demographic and retail nature of the area neighborhood dramatically changed. By the 1920s, Shaw was overwhelmingly black, black vendors had supplanted the German American retailers at the market, and black-owned and operated businesses formed new retail corridors along 7th, 9th, and 14th Streets between P and U Streets. The market and Shaw neighborhood both deteriorated after World War II. By the 1960s, the market faced heavy competition from modern grocery stores and fell into disrepair. Local residents picketed the market, which led the city to enforce cleanliness regulations and building codes at the facility.</p><br>
<p>In 1966, the District of Columbia, the National Capital Planning Commission, and the Redevelopment Land Agency (RLA; a joint city-federal agency overseeing redevelopment in the city) announced the establishment of the Shaw Urban Renewal Area. The 1968 riots caused only minor damage to the building, but the market did not reopen afterward. The closure of the market and many other nearby businesses caused a widespread decline in the neighborhood, and left local residents without easy access to retail establishments. In 1972, the Council of the District of Columbia approved a $30.4 million ($ million in dollars) plan which, in part, provided for the purchase the O Street Market and its demolition. A modern shopping mall was planned for the site.</p><br>
<p>The RLA purchased the property from the NLMC. Although neighborhood residents wanted the market torn down, the RLA declined to order its destruction. In 1974, the RLA proposed renovating the O Street Market and making it the retail centerpiece of a revived Shaw neighborhood. The agency awarded a $338,974 ($ in dollars) contract in June 1974 to the firm of James Cox & Sons to renovate the structure.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, local African American entrepreneur James C. Adkins purchased the market and the rest of Square 422 for $200,000 ($ in dollars).</p><br>
<p>Adkins began construction on a modern grocery store next to the O Street Market, and won a $1.75 million ($ million in dollars) loan from the federal Economic Development Administration to help renovate the 1881 market building. Adkins said he would add stalls inside and outside the market and lease them to food and other vendors. Renovation of the historic structure was more costly than anticipated, and Adkins was forced to seek an additional $300,000 ($ in dollars) in 1979 to complete its rehabilitation. Adkins, who had also purchased Square 426, successfully petitioned the National Capital Planning Commission to close 8th Street between P and O Streets NW. Adkins planned to turn the street into a pedestrian mall, parking lot, and landscaped area. Giant Food opened on October 10, 1979, and the O Street Market reopened on February 23, 1980.</p><br>
<p>On March 31, 1994, during the two-decade crime wave of the 1980s and 1990s, the O Street Market was the site of a deadly shooting rampage. Seventeen-year-old Kevin Aaron McCrimmon paid five young men to kill 15-year-old Duwan AVant, who was known to frequent the market, because AVant had reportedly stolen a car from McCrimmon. At around 7pm, the five men entered the market and fired more than 30 rounds, killing A&#39;Vant and wounding eight others (including a toddler and two elderly women). Although there were 399 homicides in the city that year, the event shocked residents because it was such a brazen attack in a public place.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1990s, the O Street Market had once more become dilapidated. The structure fell into disrepair, trash collected around the building, many vendors were squatters without leases, and drug dealers and gang members loitered nearby, driving customers away. The building&#39;s owner fell behind on tax payments, and the city threatened to place a lien on the building and foreclose.</p><br>
<p>Because O Street Market is one of only three 19th-century public market buildings remaining in Washington, D.C., it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 28, 1995. It was previously added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites on July 24, 1968.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>In 2001, local firm Roadside Development purchased the building with plans to rehabilitate the facility along with the Madison Retail Group. They proposed the partial closure of a 40-foot-wide (12 m) plaza on 8th Street to be replaced with a sidewalk, parking lot, and retail space, and for the addition of new windows in the walls. The D.C. Historic Preservation Review Board refused to authorize these changes, but the renovation of the interior was approved. The last tenants, consisting of small restaurants and shops, vacated the structure in late 2002 in preparation for remodeling set to begin in March or April 2003. On February 18, 2003, following a historic blizzard, the roof collapsed.</p><br>
<p>Redevelopment of the O Street Market was delayed for two years as the developers sought to meet the demands imposed by the Historic Preservation Review Board.</p><br>
<p>Roadside Development proposed a significantly expanded redevelopment in June 2004 that included most of Square 422. The company determined that the only way to make the O Street Market viable was to greatly enhance parking at the site. It could not do so without building extensive underground parking, and to build the parking garage would require construction of new buildings adjacent to the O Street Market and the Giant Food grocery store. The company initially proposed a $100 million project consisting of new construction and renovations which would add condominiums, apartments, a two-story underground parking garage, and either a new or renovated grocery store. By March 2005, when Roadside Development won its first design and zoning approval reviews, the plan had expanded into a $260 million project which included a 180-room hotel, 300 condominiums, 300 apartments, 700 underground parking spaces, and 7,500 ft&sup2; of new retail space. The O Street Market would be restored, renovated and incorporated into a new 65,000 ft&sup2; Giant Food store. The proposal also called for the city to reopen 8th Street NW.</p><br>
<p>The O Street Market redevelopment received a setback in November 2007 when the District of Columbia Zoning Commission demanded that the development reduce the height of the new buildings to 90 ft from 110 ft and refused to reconsider its decision. Local residents denounced the zoning board&#39;s actions, which they perceived as imperiling redevelopment of their poverty-stricken neighborhood. After Roadside met the height requirements by removing penthouse apartments, the zoning commission approved the project in late March 2008. The project received its final approvals from the Historic Preservation Review Board and the D.C. Office of Planning in April and May 2008.</p><br>
<p>By mid-summer 2008, the cost of the project had grown to $325 million. Now named "City Market at O", the nine-story development included over 600 units of housing, a 200-room hotel, retail space, and a new Giant supermarket almost doubling the size of the existing store. Mayor Adrian Fenty announced the city government would provide $35 million in tax increment financing (TIF) and plans were made to break ground in late 2009. The city also contributed $1 million toward the construction of the rent-controlled apartments for low-income residents, and $1.5 million in pre-development grants. Rising costs and delays pushed the projects cost higher, and by the time the city council acted, the citys TIF commitment had risen to $46.5 million.</p><br>
<p>The official City Market groundbreaking ceremony was held September 1, 2010. The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provided a $117 million loan for the development and the Obama administration chose City Market at O as one of 14 nationwide projects to receive expedited permitting and environmental reviews in order to provide hundreds of infrastructure jobs. The Giant Food store closed and was razed in mid-2011, and Cambria Suites agreed to operate the hotel in October. The project was designed by Shalom Baranes Associates</p><br>
<p>The new development opened in stages beginning in 2013. The 90-unit low-income senior housing apartment complex opened on August 21, 2013, and the 555-unit luxury apartment building was occupied on November 4. Progressive Grocer, an industry trade journal, gave an award for best overall design to the new Giant Food store in 2014. In 2015, City Market at O was a winner of the Urban Land Institute&#39;s Global Awards for Excellence competition. The 182-room Cambria Suites hotel</p><br>
<h2>Original design</h2><br>
<p>O Street Market previously consisted of between 12,000 ft&sup2; and 12,500 ft&sup2; on the main level and a 4,500 ft&sup2; basement. The facade of the original one-story, rectangular brick building is 95 ft wide and 150 ft long. The most distinctive feature of this Gothic Revival section is the square tower on the northwest corner of 7th and O Streets NW. A gable roof and a monitor run the length of the remaining portion of the original facade. Including the tower, there are six bays on the 7th Street facade and five on the O Street facade. On the 7th Street facade, each bay features a pair of doors and transom windows. The bays on the O Street facade also have double doors and transom windows, except for the central bay, which projects and features a large window. The second and fourth bay transom windows on the O Street facade are surmounted by double-hung windows.</p><br>
<p>The tower is crowned with a large pyramidal roof and dormers. On each street-facing facade of the tower there are two sets of doors with large transom windows. Each set of doors is framed by columns topped with cast iron foliate capitals. The columns support a projection that features decorative brickwork and a segmental arch. The windows on the second level of the tower are surmounted by a decorative wood panel and corbelled cornice.</p><br>
<p>The Park Tower is an historic structure located in the Adams Morgan neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites since 1988 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Harris designed the structure, which was completed in 1929. It was one of the first buildings in the city to break away from the Beaux-Arts and Colonial Revival styles that predominated in Washington architecture up to that time. The building was home to congressmen, professionals and other notable people in the 1930s and illustrates the desire to maintain Sixteenth Street as fashionable street on which to reside.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The five-story structure features an irregular plan with a ziggurat-like main façade. The rooftop loggia rises above squared bays. The exterior is a series of repetitive bays covered in golden buff colored brick. The building also features limestone and patterned brick with chevron, diaper and oak leaf motifs.</p><br>
<p>Seventh Street Savings Bank is an historic structure located in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites since 2002 and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The bank was an independent neighborhood bank that formed in 1912. Alfred Rich & Alphonsus FitzSimons designed the building that was finished the following year. The two-story building had apartments upstairs. More apartments and commercial space was located in an adjacent wing that has subsequently been torn down. The apartments and commercial space were necessary to make the small institution feasible. The bank failed in the Banking Crisis of 1933. It was one of eight banks that merged and formed Hamilton National Bank. The structure is the last building in a one-time vibrant commercial block.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the building features a temple-front façade. The structure is covered in textured buff brick and trimmed in limestone and terra cotta. The banking hall is lit by large arched windows with iron grills and a long side window bay.</p><br>
<p>Shaw Junior High School, now known as Asbury Dwellings, is an historic structure located in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It has been listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and on the National Register of Historic Places since 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1902 until 1928 the building housed the William McKinley Manual Training School. It was a school for white students and opened the same time as Armstrong Manual Training School for African Americans. They were part of an educational trend that began in the late 19th century of developing schools that taught industrial education along with the more traditional academic curriculum that prepared students for college. When McKinley moved to a larger campus in 1928 the building became Robert Gould Shaw Junior High School, which had previously opened for black students on M Street in 1921. The new Shaw was also a blacks-only school until segregation ended, but it remained primarily African-American. The school became overcrowded and poorly maintained. As it started to deteriorate the building was referred to as “Shameful Shaw.” It was illustrative of the city’s neglect of African Americans. In 1977, Shaw was moved to a new school at 9th and P NW. In 2008, Shaw again moved, this time to the Garnet-Patterson school building at 10th and V Streets NW, where it became known as Shaw Middle School at Garnet-Patterson and the building at 9th and P was razed and redeveloped in 2013. In the same year, Shaw at Garnet-Patterson closed due to low enrollment.</p><br>
<p>Shaw had a prolific music program with its band marching in the Macys parade, the Rose Bowl and the Gimbels parade in Philadelphia, PA. The band was directed by Mr. Lloyd Hoover. The old Shaw Junior High building now houses apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Henry Ives Cobb. It is part of the city’s effort to hire private architects to improve the designs of public schools. The exterior is composed of buff colored brick and limestone trim. It features an arcade of Romanesque arches on the third floor.</p><br>
<p>Tell Kazel is an oval-shaped tell that measures 350 m by 325 m at its base, narrowing to 200 m by 200 m at its top. It is located in the Safita district of the Tartus Governorate in Syria in the north of the Akkar plain on the north of the al-Abrash river approximately 18 km south of Tartus.</p><br>
<h2>Links to ancient Sumur</h2><br>
<p>The tell was first surveyed in 1956 after which a lengthy discussion was opened by Maurice Dunand and N. Saliby identifying the site with the ancient city variously named Sumur, Simyra or Zemar (Egypt. Smr Akkad. Sumuru or Assyrian Simirra). It was a major trade center and appears in the Amarna letters; Ahribta is named as its ruler. It was under the guardianship of Rib-Hadda, king of Byblos, but revolted against him and joined Abdi-Ashirtas expanding kingdom of Amurru. Pro-Egyptian factions may have seized the city again but Abdi-Ashirtas son Aziru recaptured the city.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The tell was first excavated between 1960 and 1962 by Maurice Dunand, N. Saliby and A. Bounni who determined a sequence between the Middle Bronze Age through to the Hellenistic civilization. The most important occupations were determined to have taken place during the Late Bronze Age and Persian Empire.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, new excavations began in partnership between the Archaeological Museum of the American University of Beirut and the Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums in Syria under the directorship of Leila Badre. A large amount of imported pottery from Cyprus, known as Cypriot bichrome ware, was found dating between the 14th and 12th centuries BC and contrasting to other sites in the Homs gap. The city was destroyed during the Late Bronze Age, after which local Mycenaean ceramics, Handmade burnished ware and Grey ware replaced the imported pottery.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Dunand, Maurice, Bounni, A. and Saliby, N., Fouilles de Tell Kazel: Rapport préliminaire, AAAS 14, pp. 3–22, 1964.</p><br>
<p>Sapin, Jean., Archäologische und geographische Geländebegehung im Grabenbruch von Homs, AfO 26, pp. 174–176, 1978–1979.</p><br>
<p>Elayi, Josette., Les importations grecques à Tell Kazel (Symyra) à l&#39;époque perse, AAAS 36-37, pp. 132–135, 1986–1987.</p><br>
<p>Badre, L., Gubel, E., al-Maqdissi, M. and Sader, H., "Tell Kazel, Syria. Excavations of the AUB Museum, 1985–1987. Preliminary Reports", Berytus 38, pp. 9–124, 1990.</p><br>
<p>Badre, Leila et al., Tell Kazel, Syria. Excavations of the AUB Museum 1985-1987 - Preliminary Reports", Berytus 38, pp. 55–86, 1990.</p><br>
<p>Stieglitz, Robert R., The Geopolitics of the Phoenician Littoral in the Early Iron Age, BASOR 279, pp. 9–12, 1990 and "The City of Amurru", JNES 50.1, pp. 45–48, 1991</p><br>
<p>Badre, Leila., Tell Kazel. Rapport Préliminaire sur les 4ème-8ème Campagnes de Fouilles (1988–1992), Syria 71 (1994), pp. 259–359, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Badre, L. and Gubel, E., Tell Kazel, Syria. Excavations of the AUB Museum, 1993–1998. Third Preliminary Report, Berytus 44, pp. 123–203, 1999–2000.</p><br>
<p>Badre, Leila., Beirut and Tell Kazel: Two New Late Bronze Age Temples, in Proceedings of the First International Congress of Near Eastern Archaeology, 2001.</p><br>
<p>Badre, Leila., Handmade Burnished Ware and Contemporary Imported Pottery from Tell Kazel", in Stampolidis, N.Ch. and Karageorghis, V. (eds), Sea Routes... Interconnections in the Mediterranean 16th-6th Centuries BC. Proceedings of the International Symposium held at Rethymnon, Crete, in September 29-October 2, 2002, Athens, pp. 83–99, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Capet, E., Tell Kazel (Syrie). Rapport préliminaire sur les 9e-17e campagnes de fouilles (1993–2001) du musée de l&#39;Université américaine de Beyrouth. Chantier II", Berytus 47, pp. 63–121, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Badre, L., Boileau, M.-C., Jung, R., Mommsen, H., The Provenance of Aegean- and Syrian-Type Pottery Found at Tell Kazel (Syria), Ä&L 15, pp. 15–47, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Badre, Leila., Tell Kazel-Simyra: A Contribution to a Relative Chronological History in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age, BASOR 343, pp. 65–95, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Lee County Courthouse is a courthouse at 15 East Chestnut Street in Marianna, Arkansas, United States, the county seat of Lee County. It was built in 1890, and expanded in 1936. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The courthouse was built in the Colonial Revival and Art Deco styles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Marianna moved south 3 mi onto the banks of the L&#39;Anguille River in 1869 and is centrally located within Lee County. A red brick courthouse was built in 1890 while the city thrived on the cotton industry. This building became too small and was expanded with the help of Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works funds. Rather than expanding, the county chose to construct a new two-story addition of new materials in a new style in the 1930s, which dwarfed the former structure.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Lee County Courthouse is a late example of the Classical Revival style, a style which had largely died out by 1920. The columns, entablature, and pilasters typical of a classical revival building are present, if not subdued by the art deco influence.</p><br>
<p>Tverrvatnet or Tvervatnet is a lake in the municipality of Rana in Nordland county, Norway. The European route E12 highway between Mo i Rana and Sweden passes along the northern and eastern shores of the lake. Tverrvatnet gets its name from the fact that it is located "across" , in a north-south direction, while most lakes in Rana are located in an east-west direction.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The water in Tverrvatnet flows northwards into the lake Raudvatnet. The two lakes are connected by a short channel of water which is why the lake is sometimes considered to be the southern part of Raudvatnet. The river Tverråga flows to the north out of Raudvatnet towards the Ranfjorden. The river Tverråga is thus named after the lake Tverrvatnet, and those who gave the river Tverråga its name, did not consider Raudvatnet as a lake of its own, but as the northern part of Tverrvatnet. If Raudvatnet was the original name, the correct name of the river Tverråga, in local dialect, would in fact have been "Rauvassåga".</p><br>
<p>The primary source of water into Tverrvatnet is Umskarbekken ("the Umskar stream"), flowing northwards from Umskartjørnet ("the Umskar water") on Umskaret. From the west, a brook from Fisktjønna ("the fish water") ends up as a tributary to Umskarbekken.</p><br>
<h2>Tverrvassgården</h2><br>
<p>The area east of Tverrvatnet was cleared by a farmer named Andreas in the 1770s. The Tverrvatnet farm (now called Tverrvassgården) was built on an important rallying point among the Ume Sami speaking population. An official document of 11 November 1789 declared Elias Nilssa (1752–1838) from Åga as the leaseholder. The next leaseholders were:</p><br>
<p>Around 1812: Kristoffer Eliassa (1784–1848)</p><br>
<p>During the 1850s: Elias Kristoffersen (1827–1902)</p><br>
<p>During the 1890s: Kristian Johan Eliassen (1859–1935)</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s: Anders Olaus Kristiansen (1888–)</p><br>
<p>November 19, 1955: John Petersen</p><br>
<p>The farm could not grow grain, but potatoes and grass grew well. Potatoes were not grown along the lake Raudvatnet to the north.</p><br>
<p>In 1803, the farm was taxed to 10 Swedish riksdaler, able to sow 1/2 and reap 1 barrel of grain. During the census in 1801, 5 people worked and lived on the farm. In 1838, the farm was registered in a cadastre. In 1845, the farm had 1 horse, 10 cows, 12 sheep and 4 goats. They also cultivated barley and potatoes. During the census of 1865, 8 people lived there, with 1 horse, 9 cows, and 6 sheep. Barley and potatoes were still cultivated.</p><br>
<p>The owner Jacob Coldevin sold the farm to the Norwegian state in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Tverrvatnet farm is the oldest farm in Rana, still running (2008). On 4 December 2006, the farmers on Tverrvatnet farm were honored with the Cultural landscape prize ("Kulturlandskapsprisen"), for their work on restoring the farm.</p><br>
<p>Tverrvatnet farm was an important link of the trade between Sweden and Mo i Rana, before the opening on 13 August 1939 of the highway what was later named European route E12. Traders from Sweden spent their nights there. In 1904, traders paid 5 øre for an overnight stop and 10 øre if the trader brought with him a horse.</p><br>
<p>The farm was of uttermost importance during the catastrophic year of hunger on the Swedish side of the border in 1867. The situation in northern Sweden was so critical that King Oscar II of Sweden visited Mo i Rana on 13 July 1873, discussing the needs of a road between northern Sweden and Mo i Rana.</p><br>
<p>Frieboeshvile  is a Baroque-style country house in Kongens Lyngby north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located across the street from Sorgenfri Palace, where Lyngby Main Street meets Lyngby Kongevej. The house takes its name after Frederik Casper Conrad Frieboe who is buried in the grounds together with his wife and a few other family members. Its most notable former resident is Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz who played an important part in the Rescue of the Danish Jews during World War II.</p><br>
<p>The house now serves as a historic house museum showing how Copenhagen peers decorated their country homes in the late 18th century. It hosts a permanent and special exhibitions about local history as well as the local historic archives for Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built from 1756 to 1758 owned by August Günther, a chemist from Copenhagen, and was originally known as Vildnisset (en. The Wilderness). The architect is not known. In 1782 the property was acquired by the wealthy shipping agent Andreas Bodenhoff. His daughter Gjertrud Cathrine inherited it in 1794 and after she married rittmeister and later General Frederik Caspar Conrad Frieboe, it was passed on to him.</p><br>
<p>Frieboe had no legitimate children. His testament gave the house its current name and converted the estate into Denmarks smallest fideicommissum. The next resident was his sisters son, Lieutenant Colonel F. C. C. Funch. In 1919 the house came into ordinary ownership when the Lensafløsningsloven Act dissolved all Fideicommia. On the same occasion, the house was listed in 1919. The last member of the Funch family to live in the house was Agnete Bruhn, F.C.C. Funch&#39;s daughter. Her husband was Georg Bruhn who worked for Bank of Denmark.</p><br>
<p>Frieboueshviles stables, on the side wing, was converted in 1923 into a separate residence and rented out. In 1941, during the German Occupation of Denmark in World War II, it was rented out to Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz. On 18 August 1943, Frieboeshvile played host to a meeting between Werner Best and the Danish politicians Hans Hedtoft, H. C. Hansen and Alsing Andersen. Duckwitz served as West Germanys Ambassador to Denmark after the war.</p><br>
<p>Following her husband&#39;s death, Agnete Bruhn sold the property to Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality in 1953 but continued to live there until 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built in the Baroque style, Frieboeshvile is constructed in brick with white dressing and details in sandstone. It consists of a single storey topped by a black-glazed mansard roof. The roof is not part of the original building but was added in 1977 when the house was restored. The original roof was clad in wooden roof shingles which in 1867 were replaced with slate shingles. The renovation also restored the Neoclassical interiors which date from Friboes period of ownership. August Günthers initials are found above the main entrance as well as on the first floor.</p><br>
<h2>Park</h2><br>
<p>Apart from the burial site of General Frieboe and his family, the park also contains a few other features from his day. These include a grotto which originally afforded access to a now collapsed fruit cellar and an aviary converted into a pavilion.</p><br>
<h2>Exhibitions</h2><br>
<p>Frieboeshvile today serves as a historic house museum showing how the Copenhagen bourgeoisie of the late 18th century decorated their country houses where they would reside throughout the summer. The furniture in the house dates from about 1800.</p><br>
<p>The house also contains a permanent exhibition from the Lyngbt-Taarbæk and plays host to two special exhibitions a year on local historic subjects.</p><br>
<h2>Local historic archive</h2><br>
<p>The local historic archive for Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality is also based at the house. In the reading room it is possible to study old photographs, maps and historic documents from the area.</p><br>
